Dementia is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive function that affects memory, thinking, language, judgment and behavior. Symptoms of dementia can include memory loss, difficulty with communication and language, difficulty with reasoning and judgment, difficulty with orientation to time and place, and changes in behavior and personality. Causes of dementia can vary, but can include diseases such as Alzheimer's, vascular dementia, Parkinson's, and Huntington's disease. Diagnosis of dementia can include a physical exam, neurological testing, laboratory tests, imaging tests, and a mental status evaluation. Treatment of dementia can include medications, lifestyle changes, psychosocial interventions, and supportive care.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), sometimes referred to as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive, neurodegenerative disorder that affects the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movement. Common symptoms of ALS include difficulty speaking, swallowing, and breathing, as well as muscular weakness, cramping, and twitches. Diagnosis is done through physical and neurological exams as well as laboratory tests and imaging scans. Treatment for ALS typically involves medications to treat symptoms, physical therapy, and speech therapy. Other treatments may include occupational therapy, nutritional counseling, and other supportive care.

https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/alzheimers-diseaseAlzheimer's disease is a progressive, degenerative disorder that affects the brain and results in impaired memory, thinking, and behavior. It is the most common form of dementia and is estimated to occur in up to 5% of people over 65 years of age. Symptoms of Alzheimer's include confusion, impaired judgment, difficulty with language, disorientation, changes in personality, agitation, and difficulties with daily activities such as dressing and eating.

 

Diagnosis of Alzheimer's usually involves a comprehensive neurological and psychological examination. A series of tests such as blood tests, brain scans, and memory tests may also be used to diagnose the condition.

 

Treatment of Alzheimer's can involve a combination of medications, lifestyle modifications, and other interventions designed to improve the patient's quality of life. Medications may be used to reduce the symptoms of Alzheimer's, while lifestyle modifications may include activities such as exercise and socializing to help maintain cognitive function. Other interventions such as speech and occupational therapies can also help to improve the patient's functioning.

The nervous system is an important part of the body that regulates and coordinates the activities of the organs and cells. Unfortunately, there are a variety of diseases that can affect this system. Here is a list of the top 10 diseases of the nervous system:

1. Multiple Sclerosis: A chronic, autoimmune disorder that affects the central nervous system.

2. Parkinson's Disease: A progressive, degenerative disorder that affects the brain’s ability to control movement.

3. Alzheimer’s Disease: A progressive, degenerative disorder that affects the brain’s ability to remember, think, and reason.

4. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS): A progressive, degenerative disorder that affects the brain’s ability to control motor neurons.

5. Epilepsy: A neurological disorder that causes recurrent, unprovoked seizures.

6. Stroke: A sudden interruption of blood flow to the brain, resulting in damage to the brain tissue.

7. Guillain-Barré Syndrome: A rare neurological disorder that causes muscle weakness and paralysis.

8. Huntington’s Disease: A hereditary disorder that affects the brain and nervous system, leading to progressive mental and physical deterioration.

9. Bell’s Palsy: A temporary paralysis of the facial muscles, caused by damage to the 7th cranial nerve.

10. Migraine: A recurring, severe headache that is often accompanied by nausea and visual disturbances.